How Does Reverse Osmosis Works ?

Osmosis is the phenomenon of water flow through a semi-permable membrane that blocks the transport of other solutes through it. Osmosis is a fundamental phenomenon in all bio systems. Osmosis is applied to watwr purification and other chemical laboratory and industrial processes. when a semi- permeable membrane separates two water volumes, water will flow from the side of low solute concentration to the side of high solute concentration. The flow may be stopped or even reversed by applying external pressure on the side of higher concentration. This is called Reverse Osmosis (RO). Reverse osmosis is only one stage of a typical R.O. system. Sediment and carbon filtration is normally included with an R.O. system with eaach stage of filtration contributing to the purification process.

The first stage of filtration is the sediment filter, which reduces suspended particles such as Dirt, Dust and Rust.

The second and third stage of filtration are granular activated carbon filters and carbon block respectively. These reduce the level of volatile organic chemicals, chlorine, and other taste and odour causing compounds.

The R.O Membrane is the heart of the system. It is responsible for rejecting up to 98% of the total dessolved solids in the water. This is where the purification take place.
   

What is meart by total dissolved solids (TDS) ?

In the natural cycle of water that began its life as rain and eventually found its way to tour top has comein contact with many sources of potential contamission. the various minerals and salts that have been dissolved by the water during this cycle are called total dissoved solids (TDS)

Avg. TDS Reduction Avg. in 775 ppm Avg. Eff 77 ppm % Reduction 90 pH 7.3
Cadmium Reduction 0.02975 Mg/l 0.000325 Mg/l 98.9% 7.49
Copper Reduction 2.96250 Mg/l 0.009906 Mg/l 99.6% 7.64
Fluoride Reduction . 9.03120 Mg/l 0.20000 Mg/l 97.7% 7.49
Lead Reduction 0.14980 Mg/l 0.001200 Mg/l 99.2% 7.49
Barium Reduction 10.5117 Mg/l 0.1823 Mg/l 98.2% 7.24
Hexavalent Chromium 0.1507 Mg/l 0.00152 Mg/l 89.9% 7.24
Trivalent Chromium 0.1547 Mg/l 0.001 Mg/l 99.3% 7.24
Radium 226/228 25pCi/l 5pCi/l 80.0% 7.24
   
What type of minerals contaminants are removed by R.O?
Reduction of mineral components that make up total dissolved solid will vary up to a maximum of 99.8% depending o water chemistry and pressure.
   
Does R.O. remove parasites as bacteria, cysts and cryptosprodium?
While a health cannot be made becouse of intengible such as regular maintanance these items are to large through to pass through the TFC membrane NSF's rating for reduction of Giardia, Cysts and Cryptosprodium is 1 micron, and Tfc membrane filters down to 1/10,000 times smaller than these parasites.
   
What happens to the impurities thet where in the water?
They are washed down the drain. Unlike filters, R.O. membrane is self cleaning as the source of water flows through the module,It is devided into two streams. One stream is forced through the membrane osmotic pressure created due to the water pressure on each side of the semi -Permeable membrane. The second stream carries the rejected salts, dissolved pollutants and contaminants to the drains. Therefore. Charcoal or carbon filters, on the other hand become less effeicient with each glass of drown through them. Cabon filters only remove limited numbers of contaminants.
   
Isn,t water wasted by R.O. systems ?
There is a significant percentage of water from the system that goes to the drain. This water is carrying away the impurities. These particles are too small to be cought by the filters. Reverse osmosis has an aoutomatic shut off valve that shuts off the flow of water to the drain when the holding tank is full. this valve stops the R.O. system from continuously running water down the drain thus conserving water as the R.O. system works according to usage.
   
Can this water be saved and used ?
Yes, most waste water today is recycled for golf courses and artificial lakes. The drain water is slightly higher in tds concentration than the incoming water but as r.o. does not added anything to the water, it can be used to water your lawn or garden.
   
What is the importanace of the water pressure to A.R.O. system ?
It is the pressure of water that forced the water through the membrane for purification and flushes the rejected solids away. Low water pressure will result in reduced production and premature fouling of the membrane. The ideal pressure for operating an R.O. systems is 60 PSI. Pressure below 40 PSI is generally consdered insufficient, and should be boosted using a pressure booster pump.
   
Will iron hurt a membrane?
Yes, Iron will be plug a R.O. membrane, as the membrane is not able to flush iron out. Trace Amounts of iron (up to 2 ppm) can be removed by water softeners. if the water contain 1 ppm or less, there is no need for concern, as the membrane will usually last 1-2 years.
Note: This refers to clear water iron not red iron. The difference is that the clear water iron leaves no visible signs, whereas red iron leaves a reddish brown discoloration in Toilet Bowls, Sinks and Tubs. If red iron is present, step to remove the iron will have to be taken, Otherwise the warranty will be void.
   
How for can A Line be run from the R.O. units?
Approximately 10-15 feet with 1/4" Poly Tubing. Tubingf that runs from the R.O. System to the icemaker should always be poly tubing. Not copper.
   

Will R.O. Soften Water?
Yes, R.O. water is softened by the reverse osmosis purification process, however hard water (above 60-80 ppm) will shorten the life of the membrane. The more hardness is feed water, The shorter the life of the membrane.

Contamination (likely coused disease) Activated Carbon Pre Filter Ozonation Bolling U.V.Ray Reverse Osmosis
Sodium
(Blood Pressure)
Calcium
(Kidney Stone )
Magnesium
(Kidney Stone)
Lead
(Mental Sickness )
Copper
(indigation)
Mercury
 (Pain )
Nitrate
(Dysentry)
Bacteria
(Bacterial Disease)
Pyrogen
( Fever)
Virus
 ( Viral Disease)
Fluroide
( Bone Weakness)
Arsenic
(Poisoning)
   
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